Which hormone is produced by the adrenal cortex?

The hormone produced by the adrenal cortex is cortisol. The adrenal cortex is the outer portion of the adrenal glands, which are located on top of each kidney. Cortisol is a type of glucocorticoid hormone that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including the regulation of metabolism, the immune response, and the body's stress response. It helps in maintaining blood pressure, regulating blood sugar levels, and modulating inflammation.

Cortisol is released in response to stress and low blood glucose levels, making it essential for the "fight or flight" response. It influences how the body uses carbohydrates, fats, and proteins for energy, thus playing a significant role in the metabolic process.

The other hormones listed in the question are associated with different glands and functions. Insulin is produced by the pancreas and plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels. Glucagon, also produced by the pancreas, works to raise blood sugar levels when they are too low. Growth hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland and is essential for growth and development.