Which condition is characterized by a deficiency of growth hormone?

The correct answer is characterized by a deficiency of growth hormone, which directly relates to the condition known as dwarfism. Dwarfism, specifically in the case of growth hormone deficiency (also referred to as growth hormone deficiency dwarfism), occurs when the pituitary gland does not produce enough growth hormone during childhood. This leads to abnormal growth patterns, resulting in significantly shorter stature compared to peers, along with other potential developmental issues.

The condition is typically identified in childhood, and if untreated, it can have lasting effects on growth and physical development. In contrast, acromegaly results from an excess of growth hormone, usually due to a pituitary tumor, leading to abnormal growth of bones and tissues, particularly in adults. Cushing's syndrome and hyperthyroidism are related to other hormonal imbalances and do not directly involve growth hormone deficiency, thus not applicable to the question.