What condition occurs due to a deficiency in the release of ADH, resulting in extreme thirst and excessive urination?

The condition that occurs due to a deficiency in the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to extreme thirst and excessive urination, is diabetes insipidus. In this condition, insufficient levels of ADH prevent the kidneys from reabsorbing water back into the body effectively, resulting in large amounts of dilute urine. The excessive urination (polyuria) causes the individual to become dehydrated, which in turn leads to increased thirst (polydipsia) as the body attempts to compensate for the loss of fluids.

Understanding the role of ADH is crucial in recognizing how its deficiency leads to the symptoms associated with diabetes insipidus. ADH typically promotes water retention in the kidneys; without it, the body's ability to conserve water is severely impaired, causing the symptoms outlined in the question.